The Social Influences of the Visual Entertainment Media

American culture has a bi-directional relationship with the visual media, in which expressions in television and film manifest in society but social norms also manifest on the screen. Therefore, visual media in the United States actually has the potential to alter social norms and interactions. The television shows that were popular in the 1950s and early 1960s reflect the conservative family values that were popular at that time in American history. The Brady Bunch, for example, shows a happy-go-lucky white family, and highlights the suburban American dream. More contemporary shows show how American social values and norms have evolved since the 1950s. In Will and Grace, gay characters feature prominently to reflect the fact that Americans are coming out of the closet and staying out. There are ample examples of how television reflects social norms, while actively working to shape those norms as well. For instance, the 1980s show The Cosby Show was one in which the middle-class African-American family was portrayed for the first time on television. The production was a deliberate attempt to teach new values that would help eliminate the standard stereotypes of African-Americans that do not fit into the white dominant culture. By producing The Cosby Show, Bill Cosby and other entertainers were actively shaping the values and worldviews of Americans. In a more direct way, childrens television shows on PBS such as Sesame Street are written so that characters conveyShow MoreRelatedThe Agenda Setting Model Can Guide The Public Opinion And Mass Communication1464 Words   |  6 Pagescommunication about some social or political issues. Different with media effects model, the media effects more like to telling people how to think, however, the agenda setting model is successful in telling people what to think about. In a general way, agenda setting theory was constructed in the environme nt of traditional mass media, and the purpose is to study traditional mass media. About the visual agenda setting, the particular pictures, videos affect the influence of the media, which means some picturesRead MoreMedia and Its Affects1514 Words   |  7 Pages3/19/12 Entertainment and Social Media and their effects A nation like America is an example, of a country that has developed in terms of entertainment (Pearson 2). It is one of the countries that has got and has produced some of the greatest entertainers. The country is one of the leading producers of entertainment in the planet. In addition, it is one of the nations that there is a greater influence of entertainment on the younger generation. The effects of entertainment on the youngerRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Behavioral Violence916 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Media Violence on Behavioral Violence in Young Adults in America The influence of mass media has progressively increased in American society, but can the media have effects beyond mere entertainment and impartial information? American culture has become saturated with online news reports, social media, and media entertainment. Technology has become a major factor in America’s social environment. Much of the information gained from digital sources involves or portrays violence, andRead MoreThe Importance of Television1632 Words   |  7 PagesTelevision is an audio-visual communication medium. It has broad reach and stronger influence upon people and culture. It is most acceptable that each households watch Television and it has become a most effective medium to reach large number of audience. It’s very hard to imagine a word without TV. It is the most significant medium of providing information, education and entertainment. Advancement in technology and increase in competition among viewers are making television more efficient. â⠂¬Å"TheRead MoreVisual Media Influence1226 Words   |  5 PagesThe influence of Visual media on young adults has been a part of the world’s problem for many years. With visual media being part of their everyday lives it’s now very risky to even allow young adults to watch their favorite shows due to the amount of violence and profanity on television. Visual media, such as reality shows, news media, and commercials negatively affects young adults. Among the many negative aspects of visual media that affects young adults, reality shows would be right at the topRead MoreThe Persuasive Power of Television in the 1960’s Essay1376 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican social, cultural, and political ideals. Although each decade has experienced identifying features, events occurring during the sixties provided for a definitive coming of age era for the United States. While much of this revolution can be attributed to the events themselves, the medium used for disseminating these ideas bears some of the responsibility. Throughout the decade television replaced radio and newspaper as the primary source of news and entertainment. Unlike other forms of media, combiningRead MoreThe Effects Of Mass Media On The Society1145 Words   |  5 Pagesaggressive behavior, crime, and violence in the society. The potential of the mass media for social mobilization, education, and attitude change has been recognized and has been exploited in diffe rent parts of the world with varying degrees of success. But the effect that the mass media will produce at given situation still remains a subject of debate even today. Summing up what is known about the effect of the mass media, Berelson (1948:172) in Mcquail (2000:457)submitted â€Å"that some kinds of communicationRead MoreThe Media And Its Impact On The Entertainment Industry Essay1282 Words   |  6 PagesThe mass media has developed into a highly influential platform that relays information to audiences all around the world, but are the images seen in advertisements and television, devaluing individuals by labeling them under stereotypes? In order to truly understand the core of such a question, it is important to first define and solidify some key terms. To begin with, what mediums of mass media will be considered in the analysis of this issue? Specifically, I will attempt to highlight the use ofRead MoreMass Media Is An Integral Part Of Everyday Life989 Words   |  4 PagesMass media is an integral part of everyday life. Society depends on the various forms of media for information, education, and personal entertainment. Mass media pos itively and negatively influences beliefs, values, and expands knowledge to bring awareness to various social events. Media also impacts the way children and adolescences understanding of violence, racism, suicide, aggression, and sexual stereotyping. If viewing these portrayals is accepted, then mass media does in fact negativelyRead MoreNegative Effects Of The Internet1229 Words   |  5 Pagesto addiction as entertainment is providing an escape from reality. Privacy is becoming non-existent as people are casting a mold of their identities online through social media apps. Intelligence agencies are getting the inside scoop on your online activities from corporations that take advantage of the reliance on Internet consumerism. Entertainment has become an integral part of the Internet. Mediums of entertainment such as video games, forums, instant messaging and social media have affected the

hardy - 798 Words

Population Genetics / Hardy-Weinberg Problems Directions: Work out the following problems on a separate piece of paper. Show ALL work and circle your answers. 1) If the frequency of a recessive allele is 30% in a population of 100 people, how many would you predict would be carriers of this allele, but would not express the recessive phenotype? q= 0.30 p= 0.70 Carriers = 2pq = 2(.3)(.7) = .42 #= (.42)(100) = 42 individuals 2) From a sample of 278 American Indians, the following MN blood types were obtained: MM = 78, MN = 139, NN = 61. Calculate the allele frequency of M and N. M= 0.53 N= 0.47 MM = 78/278 = 0.281 = p2 p = 0.530 = 53% MN = 139/278 = 0.50 = 2pq q = 0.468 = 46.8% NN = 61/139 = 0.219 = q2 3)†¦show more content†¦Complete the following chart based on this information. The frequency of the (H) allele = 0.7 The total number of homozygous nonallergic Pago Fuagens = 2450 (5000 x 0.49) The frequency of the (h) allele = 0.3 The total number of Pago Fuagans that are carriers of the (g) allele and phenotypically normal = 2100 (5000 x 0.42) The total number of (h) alleles on Pago Fuago = 3000 (10,000 x 0.3) The total number of Pago Fuagens that suffer from thisShow MoreRelatedEssay on Thomas Hardy1663 Words   |  7 Pages Thomas Hardy Thomas Hardy, written by Trevor Johnson, is the detailed journey through the life of one of England’s greatest writers. This biography describes some of the major details of his life such as his family, his education, and his major works. amp;#9;Thomas Hardy was born in 1840 at the Village of Upper Bochampton. He was the child of a country stonemason. Hardy was the third Thomas of his family. His mother’s maiden name was Jemima Hand and she and her husband led Hardy to have anRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Hardy Boys 1634 Words   |  7 PagesThe Hardy Boys series written by various authors, all under the pseudonym Franklin W. Dixon has been around for a very long time. Their first appearance was in 1927, and they have survived numerous reboots and reprints since then. Part of their charm, especially for kids, is that, unlike Sherlock Holmes and other popular detectives, they are teenagers. Like their readers, they have school, chores, and church on Sunday. This essay will focus, as far as plot is concerned on the first book The TowerRead MoreResearch Paper on Thomas Hardy1908 Words   |  8 Pagestragedy is often discussed in terms of this book. Fascinated by Greek tragedy, Hardy uses tragic circumstance s to enhance the Wessex countryside and its inhabitants. By doing so he not only develops his story, but attains a certain grandeur for his novel. His first attempts at tragedy were The Return of the Native and The Mayor of Casterbridge, but Tess of the dUrbervilles is the culmination of his efforts. In this work, Hardy projects ancient drama into modern novel form. To accomplish this, he modelsRead MoreThe Mayor Of Casterbridge By Thomas Hardy1313 Words   |  6 Pagesof Casterbridge by Thomas Hardy, the protagonist Michael Henchard discovers that if man makes rash decisions and is not careful, he will cause himself to self-destruct mentally and physically. Told in third person point of view, the author supports his theme by describing the setting of the fictional town of Casterbridge, establishing the central conflict of Henchard forgetting about his past, and becoming a new, better man. This affects the work as a whole because Hardy s purpose is to inform theRead MoreEssay Tess of the DUrbervilles by Hardy1120 Words   |  5 Pages -1- SAC Out come 2 – Literature In â€Å"Tess of the D’Urbervilles† Hardy does expose the social injustices and double standards which prevail in the late nineteenth century. These injustices and double standards are evident throughout the whole novel, and Tess, the main character, is the one who suffers them. This becomes evident from the first page when Parson Tringham meets Jack Durbeyfield and refers to him as â€Å"Sir John†. With his whimsical comment, made from the safety of a secure social positionRead MoreWilliam Wordsworth And Thomas Hardy1397 Words   |  6 Pagessome way. We may even have fond memories that stem from being in nature. For some people, nature is inspirational. It can inspire us to write songs, books, and poems that contain our feelings about nature. William Blake, William Wordsworth and Thomas Hardy are just some of the poets that nature inspired to write passionate work. We can analyze how each of these poets found the sacredness in nature when they wrote these poems. By understanding how these poets found the sacredness in nature during theirRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Hardy s Of The D 1511 Words   |  7 PagesAuthor Thomas Hardy is typically distinguished for following a trend in which all his fiction is characterized by chance being the incarnation of the blind forces controlling human destiny. As J Clipper once said, â€Å"Hardy reflected Nietzsche’s agonized cry that ‘God is dead’, in his novels. His view of life was that since there is no God to give meaning to life, Man is alone in the Universe, no better and no worse than other creatures who live or have lived for a brief moment on this speck calledRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Hardy Boys 1796 Words   |  8 PagesThe Hardy Boys series written by various authors, all under the pseudonym Franklin W. Dixon has been around for a very long time. Their first appearance was in 1927, and they have survived numerous reboots and reprints since then. Part of their charm, especially for kids, is that, unlike Sherlock Holmes and other popular detectives, they are teenagers. Like their readers, they have school, chores, and church on Sunday. This essay will focus, as far as plot is concerned on the first book The TowerRead MoreThe Mayor Of Casterbridge, By Thomas Hardy907 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal growth is an essential element of human development and progress. However, even though there are countless opportunities for the characters in Thomas Hardy s novel, The Mayor of Casterbridge, to embrace and experience this necessary growth, there is an absence of such personal advancement and progress. Ultimately, the decisions and actions of Michael Henchard, Lucetta Le Sueur, Donald Farfrae, and Elizabeth Jane all demonstrate repetitive qualities and a lack of character development whichRead MoreAnalyse the poetry of Thomas Hardy2333 Words   |  10 PagesThomas Hardy is an intriguing and enigmatic poet whose poetic themes deviate from war, nature and heroism to love, the transience of life and the death of the soul. Though penned some eighty years ago, the poetry of Thomas Hardy remains remarkably accessible and identifiable to a modern reader. While some critics claim that his poetic writing is archaise. His language elegant but a wkward and his work difficult to comprehend, I enjoyed the poetry of Hardy for its diversity of themes, its earthly

Massachusetts s Juvenile Justice System - 1737 Words

Connecticut legislated that children under a certain age are liable as delinquents for committing any crimes that if an adult would have done would be considered criminal. Prior to 1995 Public Act Connecticut’s juvenile justice system was designed to be non-criminal and rehabilitative. In Connecticut anyone under the age of 16 is considered a child and anyone who is at least 16 or almost 18 are considered a youth. They now serve crimes that were done before the alleged suspect turn(s) sixteen. The Connecticut Juvenile Justice System represents both delinquency petitions and Family with Service Needs (FWSN) petitions. The police will send cases to the Superior Court for juvenile Matters, but if the crime committed is done by a 14 year old or older it is sent to an adult criminal court. They have punished juvenile offenders who are culpable. On March 1, 1987, Tyvonne, who was eight, found a gun while playing in the school yard. He took the gun and hid it, the following day he br ought the gun to school and hid it by a fence. While in school he bragged to his fellow classmates about the gun he found. The victim told Tyvonne that she thought the gun was a fake and because of that it made the other kids say the gun was a toy. The victim then challenged Tyvonne by saying, â€Å"Shoot me. Shoot me.† Tyvonne then responded with, â€Å"I’ll show you it’s real.† He aimed and fired one shot at the victim which hit and injured her, he then began to swear and shout at the victim that he wasShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Crime Law Is A Subcategory Of Juvenile Law937 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile Crime Law is a subcategory of Juvenile Law. Although a type of criminal law, juvenile crime law only deals with under-age individuals, who are treated very differently than adults in criminal law, and usually have their own courts of law (Juvenile Criminal Law, n.d.). When it comes to crime, kids usually go through a different process than adults. But the y still have to face consequences (Juvenile Crimes Juvenile Justice - Nolo.com, n.d.). Juvenile Criminal Law is a relevant issue inRead MoreThe Constitutionality Of The Juvenile Justice System1634 Words   |  7 PagesThe juvenile justice system has grown and changed substantially since 1899, when the nation’s first juvenile court was established in Illinois. Originally, the court process was informal often nothing more than a conversation between the youth and the judge and the defendant lacked legal representation. To replace confinement in jails with adults, the early juvenile courts created a probation system and used a separate service delivery system to provide minors with supervision, guidance, and educationRead More85% More Times That Whites. They Are Only 14% Of The Drug1399 Words   |  6 Pagesusers in New York but they are 37% of those arrested for drug use. African americans are 2 to 11 times higher to be stopped and searched than whites (Fourteen Examples of Racism in Criminal Justice System). When it comes down to it all minorities have disadvan tages when it comes to equality in our justice system? Religious discrimination against muslim americans is increasing at a rapid pace. Studies have shown that race plays a major factor in the severity of a punishment. For example Dylan RoofRead MoreJuvenile Justice System856 Words   |  4 Pagesthe juveniles. A juvenile is someone who is at or below the upper age of the original jurisdiction in their resident state (Juvenile Justice, 2013). Juveniles due to age are not treated at the same level as adults; due to this we have Juvenile Justice. Juvenile justice was said to be considered all the way back to the early years from the English brought over to American culture from England (Juvenile Justice, 2013). Since then in America we have had 5 major periods in the Juvenile Justice systemRead MoreContriction Of The Documentary : Second Chance Kids Reflection754 Words   |  4 PagesSecond Chance Kids, I did not realize the amount of juveniles sentenced to life in prison without parole. The statistics throughout the documentary wer e shocking. For example, across the country, there are more than two thousand people convicted of murder as juveniles and sentenced to mandatory life in prison without the possibility of parole (Dornstein, 2017). My Thoughts Anthony Rolon was one out of roughly three dozen teens in Massachusetts to be convicted of murder and sentenced to mandatoryRead MoreThe First Of The Five Periods976 Words   |  4 Pagespenalty. In 1646 Massachusetts passed the Stubborn Child Law which means the first status offense an act considering illegals for minors which became unrevised for 300 years. In this period of time the age of the juvenile made a difference. In this period if a child was 7 and under then they could not be convicted of a felony but at the age of 8 they could be convicted of a felony. If accused of a major crime then they at 8 years of age would proceed through the juvenile justice system. In this periodRead MoreEssay on The History and Evolution of the Juvenile Justice System1368 Words   |  6 PagesThe history of the juvenile justice system is a mixture of the criminal justice system, family court, child protective services, social services, orphanages, adoption and humanitarian growth. (Schmalleger, 2007) Where a child fit into the system would depend on the crime, family pedigree, financial standing, color and social status. Children of color would be treated harsher than whites, Indian children were treated worse than African American Children, and status was determined by the color ofRead MoreThe Punishment Of The Death Penalty1620 Words   |  7 Pagesof the death penalty for juveniles. Whether the decision was appropriate or not is still under intense debate to this day. â€Å"A primary purpose of the juvenile justice system is to hold juvenile offenders accountable for delinquent acts while providing treatment, rehabilitative services, and programs designed to prevent future involvement in law-violating behavior (Cothern, 2000)†. This research paper will focus on the history of the death penalty, the concept of juvenile offenders receiving the deathRead MoreThe Issue Of Juvenile Crime826 Words   |  4 Pagesthe biggest problems the Country faces today is juvenile crime. Juvenile crime does not only affect the person who commits the crime, it also affects victims in the crime. After evaluating two sources concerning the topic of juvenile crime, I have come to my own conclusions related to this topic. I believe that changing the juvenile jurisdiction age from age seventeen to eighteen is a great idea. I also believe that sexting is a crime for some. Juvenile crime is a huge issue in the United States, butRead MoreJuvenile Justice System And The Juvenile Court System1742 Words   |  7 PagesThe juvenile justice system varies from the adult justice system in many ways. For more than a century, the states have believed that the juvenile justice system was a means to ensuring public safety, by establishing and implementing a system that responds to children as they are maturing into adulthood. Today’s youths, however, are increasingly committing more serious crimes that in turn are raising the public’s criticism concerning the modern juvenile justice system. There are those who are in

Pros And Cons Of Capital Punishment - 1608 Words

The death penalty is quickly becoming one of the more controversial topics in the United States. Currently, there are 31 states where capital punishment is legal. As of April 2016, there have been 1,431 executions in the United States, but the number of executions in recent years has been steadily decreasing (Timmons 2017). The death penalty can be put up for moral debate, and one can ask oneself whether the death penalty is ever morally permissible. There are some pros and cons to having capital punishment. For example, deterrence and prevention are good reasons to have the death penalty, but, in reality, the cons far outweigh the possible benefits that may come from capital punishment. The cost of imposing capital punishment is†¦show more content†¦Kant once stated: Accordingly, any undeserved evil that you inflict on someone else among the people is one that you do to yourself. If you vilify, you vilify yourself: if you steal from him, you steal from yourself; if you kill him, you kill yourself. (Timmons 2017) Looking at the death penalty from Kant’s perspective alone, if one commits the crime of murder, it is okay for the state to kill the offender thus implying that it is then okay for anyone to kill a person. Kant’s theory puts one in a never ending cycle. Stephen Nathanson argues that the death penalty is immoral; if the state kills because the offender killed, then the state is no better than the offender himself. Nathanson argues that the â€Å"eye for an eye† principle is comparable to saying that if one rapes, then rape should be the punishment for the rapist; if one kills, then death should be the punishment; and if one tortures, then torture should be the punishment. Killing is never ethically permissible, and therefore, the state should not be able to kill its citizens, even if they commit a horrible crime. Moreover, the death penalty should be abolished because it allows the state to play the role of a god in the sense that they have power over what can an d will happen to the individual prosecuted. Nathanson argues that there is human dignity in each and every individual that can not be overlooked no matter who the person is or what that certain individual has done.â€Å"To execute a person forShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Capital Punishment1237 Words   |  5 PagesPros and Cons of Capital Punishment INTRODUCTION Each year there are around 250 people added to death row and 35 executed. The death penalty is the most severe method of penalty enforced in the United Sates today. Once a jury has condemned a criminal of a crime they go to the following part of the trial, the punishment phase. If the jury recommends the death penalty and the judge coincides, then the criminal will face some form of execution. Lethal injection is the most common process of executionRead MorePros And Cons Of Capital Punishment1319 Words   |  6 PagesPeople and courts often justify capital punishment as society’s moral duty to safeguard the safety and well-being of its citizens. According to Miriam-Webster, capital punishment is the practice of killing people as punishment for serious crimes. Murder is the unlawful killing of another human being. There is much controversy in the punishment of offenders who have committed murder. It is the maximum sentence a person can receive if the crime of murder is com mitted. Some would say it is inhumaneRead MorePros And Cons Of Capital Punishment1303 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment: The Benefits and Downfalls Taylor M. Osborne Charleston Southern University Abstract The following essay explores the pros and cons of capital punishment. A brief history of how capital punishment was introduced into modern society is included. Various resources have been used for research which include online articles, studies, and textbook references. This paper suggests the costs of capital punishment to be very high, but brings closure and justice to families, and evenRead MorePros And Cons Of Capital Punishment1471 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Capital punishment is one of the most controversial ethical issues that our country faces these days. Capital punishment is the legal penalty of death for a person that has performed heinous acts in the eyes of the judicial system. Discussion on whether capital punishment is humane or considered cruel and unusual punishment has been the main issue this of debate for years. Recent discussion goes far beyond the act itself but now brings into question whether medical personal shouldRead MorePros and Cons of Capital Punishment3687 Words   |  15 Pages1.  Morality PRO: The crimes of rape, torture, treason, kidnapping, murder, larceny, and perjury pivot on a moral code that escapes apodictic [indisputably true] proof by expert testimony or otherwise. But communities would plunge into anarchy if they could not act on moral assumptions less certain than that the sun will rise in the east and set in the west. Abolitionists may contend that the death penalty is inherently immoral because governments should never take human life, no matter what theRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Capital Punishment Essay855 Words   |  4 PagesThe Pros and Cons of Capital Punishment Since the mid 1900’s, capital punishment has brought many individuals into many diverse view points throughout the years. Capital punishment is a way of punishing a convict by killing him or her because of the crime he or she committed. Capital punishment will always have its pros and cons. There are opponents who absolutely disagree with capital punishment. And then there are advocates who support the idea. In the advocates view point, capital punishmentRead MoreEssay on The Pros and Cons of Capital Punishment1208 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of capital punishment is one that is highly debated in our society today. Capital punishment is the ultimate punishment our society can give one for their actions. On the other hand, it is viewed as a denial of human rights that promotes more violence in our society. Religious Tolerance.org states that in the United States, over 13,000 people have been legally executed since colonial times. (Religious Tolerance) Is capital punis hment a moral act? It is not a moral punishment as it deniesRead MoreDeath Penalty: The Pros and Cons of Capital Punishment Essay527 Words   |  3 Pagesto you about these problems with the death penalty in my paper. Everyone should ask themselves what they believe. Do you believe that by killing people using the death it will save lives. The death penalty is called capital punishment. You get sentenced with capital punishment for really bad crimes. Some of the ways they do the death penalty are with lethal injection, deadly gas. In some of the foreign countries they will kill people that have been given the death penalty by a firing squadRead MoreCapital Punishment Essay667 Words   |  3 PagesAdvent Catholic Encyclopedia, Capital Punishment is the infliction by due legal process of the penalty of death as a punishment for crime. Capital Punishment, also known as, the Death Penalty has been around for centuries. The first established death penalty laws date as far back as the Eighteenth Century B.C. in the Code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon, which codified the death penalty for 25 different crimes (www.deathpenaltyinfo.org). Not only is Capital Punishment ancient, it is highly controversialRead MoreBureau Of Justice Statistics : The United States Primary Source For Criminal Justice1439 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). U.S. Department of Justice. 25 Nov. 2014. Web. Web. 25 Nov. 2014. Bureau of Justice Statistics is the United States primary source for criminal justice statistics. The website has published information on crime, criminal offenders, victims of crime, and the operation of justice systems at all levels of government. According to Bureau of Justice Statistics, â€Å"The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) is a component of the Office

Nflpa Player Safety Free Essays

NFLPA Player Safety The National Football League has become the most exciting and thrilling sports league to watch in the last few decades. Most recently players have become much faster and bigger than in the past and the safety of their lives have become a risk. Recently the NFL has been subjected to a large amount of controversy and criticism dealing with how they have handled player safety. We will write a custom essay sample on Nflpa Player Safety or any similar topic only for you Order Now This issue has come to the forefront because concussions have become a weekly occurrence. In the last few years it has been studied then proven by doctors that former players have suffered traumatic brain injuries from hits to the head during their NFL careers. As a fan of the NFL, I believe it’s best for the game that the NFL makes some change so players are protected for their safety but then again you can’t take away what the nature of this sport is which is a hard hitting dangerous sport. The NFL who is led by league commissioner Roger Goodell needs to find a way to make the game safer by keeping the players safe, fans entertained, and team owner’s content. As one of the biggest issues in today’s NFL, I decided to pursue the question, are major changes needed to be taken towards player safety for the wellbeing of the NFL and the players? There is a high probability that a mutual agreement will never happen between the two but that doesn’t mean that new rules and policies won’t continue to be implemented for testing. The NFL has recently tried to implement new rules and policies to delay and prevent the highly rising concussion rate. They have changed to shorter kickoffs to reduce high impact hits and have also introduced stricter guidelines for player conduct on the field which includes fines for illegal helmet-to-helmet hits deemed inappropriate by the NFL. Are these changes the answer though? There is more needed to be done then just changing a few rules that will ultimately have a small impact on this large scale problem. Many other strong options for change include equipment improvements, concussion research, and enforcing penalties to illegal hits. Roger Goodell said throughout history, football has evolved and become safer and better, and the future of the sport relies on the ability to continue to do so. When it comes to the priority of the league, Goodell made it clear safety comes first† (SBNation). However the NFLPA does not believe the NFL is doing enough to protect its members. NFLPA Executive Director DeMaurice Smith has been demanding the placement of doctors on every sideline during games to help diagnose and treat concussions. This issue has to be taken seriously because within the past year nearly one hundred former players have filed pleas against the NFL and want them held responsible for the players suffering from traumatic head injuries. Concussions are serious and they happen weekly in the NFL to players of all positions due to the tremendous force these players are hit with. The short and long term effects of concussions can be devastating to the human mind. Not only does the brain suffer long term physical damage but many players often suffer from long term mental problems. A prime example of someone who had been affected by head trauma was former linebacker Junior Seau. Recently â€Å"a team of scientists who analyzed the brain tissue of renowned NFL linebacker Junior Seau after his suicide last year have concluded the football player suffered a debilitating brain disease caused by two decades worth of hits to the head† (ABCNews). Junior Seau who had a 20 year NFL career was diagnosed with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) after his death. The real question is what could’ve the NFL done to prevent such a terrible tragedy or did they not have the capability to control what happened to him? The NFL has said many times that it did not intentionally hide the dangers of concussions from players and is doing everything it can to protect them. With the focus on head injuries in football being put under a microscope the past few seasons, the NFL is taking drastic measures trying to find solutions that will help in the future. New helmet designs are a needed advancement to help create a safer NFL. With improvements to helmets that will help reduce head injuries gradually but it is still not the lone solution if players continue to tackle improperly and go for head shots. During 2012 there was an estimate of nearly 160 NFL players who suffered concussions during this season. That’s a huge problem because recent studies link concussions to causing mental problems and has also been shown to lead to Alzheimer’s disease. In reaction to this issue the NFL has become concerned about head injuries and has commanded the tests of 11 new helmet designs from five manufacturers in the last couple years. On the other hand, there is a belief that helmets can only do so much as oncussions are mostly caused because of the gladiator mentality that the players play with because they want to make an EPSN top play. â€Å"While helmets are being designed larger and more protective, concussions still occur regularly. It’s unlikely that they will ever be eliminated completely. Indeed, helmet technology has come a long way since the leather caps worn by old-time footballers, but helmet makers believe their products can only do so much to keep players sa fe in a culture that glorifies the big hit† (SmartPlanet). New technology in helmets and equipment is much needed for the protection of the players and should continue to be a building block for player safety. Rule changing has become a yearly tradition for the NFL as they try and create new ways to make the game safer even if the players and NFLPA don’t agree upon it. Most recently, Roger Goodell implemented shorter kickoffs which moved the kickoff spot up five yards from the 30 to the 35 yard line to decrease injuries, but would now largely increase the number of touchbacks. This rule change could have a negative effect by eliminating the job prospects of special team’s players. â€Å"Cleveland Browns kick returner Josh Cribbs, the league’s career leader with eight kickoff returns for touchdowns, has been irate since owners, citing the need to protect players from violent collisions, announced the change during the lockout in March. † â€Å"I don’t see (injury) stats behind it, and that’s what the issue was,† Cribbs said last week. â€Å"There’s no stats to back it up. Their intentions are good, but the stats aren’t there to back up the reasoning† (ESPN). During the last month a rule change that the NFL has implemented was met with high opposition as former and current players disagree with the intention of changing the game. The new rule states that ball carriers would be penalized if they lower their head to deliver a blow. â€Å"The proposed rule change for running backs might be the most absurd suggestion of a rule change I’ve ever heard of. In order to lower ur shoulder u obviously have to lower ur head. It’s a way of protecting ur self from a tackler and a way to break tackles† (Matt Forte twitter). The real question is has the NFL become too overprotective? Yes delivering a blow with the crown of your helmet can be the starting point of a concussion but is it worth taking away important parts of the game. The NFL is the greatest sports league in North America, but there are major decisions to be made in the next decade that could decide the future of the NFL. Ultimately, how sustainable is the NFL? With the hits becoming more and more violent and with players getting bigger, faster and stronger every year, how can the NFL survive long-term with such violence? It might take something horribly tragic before the NFL will act upon the state of the game and make genuine changes to aid player safety. But then again NFL players understand the risks of the profession they chose, nobody forces them to play football. At some point, the NFL is going to have to force players to accept the risks associated with playing football. Nothing can make football a completely safe game no matter what rules or innovations are created. There will always be physical athletes forcing violent collisions. The NFL can’t take away the heart and soul of the game just to make it safer. In my opinion the NFL has to embrace the physicality of the game and assume the risks that run along with promoting a violent sport but they should still continue researching the causes of concussions for a future solution. The years ahead will show if the NFLPA and NFL can ever meet a mutual agreement to satisfy the needs of their players and their safety in the long and short term future. How to cite Nflpa Player Safety, Papers

Obligations of a Licensee for Business Law- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theRights and Obligations of a Licenseefor Business Law. Answer: As a licensee one has legal obligations towards persons that visit his premises as patrons, on top of that he has legal obligations towards his staff and the surrounding environment. Some of those obligations include; Under theWork Health and Safety Act 2011, he is obligated to ensure a safe environment for patrons, staff and the areas surrounding the licensed premises. Secondly, every licensee has a responsibility to provide drinking water for patrons within his premises. This is made mandatory by the Liquor Regulation 2002, where cold drinking water should be made available at a reasonable cost to patrons (Brenda and Peter, 2015). Another obligation for the licensee will be to ensure that tables and surroundings within the premises are cleared of empty glasses and bottles. The staff should clean up what is not in use. This helps prevent situations where the lens could be utilized as a weapon in case a brawl arose. The licensee has a duty to ensure the safety and enjoyment of the patrons present in his premises; he then has a responsibility to disallow persons who are drunk or quarrelsome from entering or remaining on his licensed premises (Atherton, 2011). The licensee also has rights exercisable to him as the license holder, they include; Refusing entry into the premises by any person as long as that refusal is not discriminatory based on gender, race or other unlawful biases Licensee has the right to ask any patron within his licensed premises to leave or vacate the premises The licensee has a right to refuse to serve or sell to a patron if the said patron is already intoxicated The licensee has the power to issue a barring order to a patron that is enforceable by the police. As the licensee, I have a duty to ensure that the patrons who visit my premises are safe and able to enjoy without interference. I also have a duty to my staff to make sure they are working in a conducive environment free from harassment. If Larry has become a constant nuisance at the restaurant, then I reserve the right to disallow him from entering the restaurant. I also bear a duty towards Larry; Neither my staff nor I should serve him any more liquor after he exhibits signs of intoxication. This is illegal under section 105 of the Liquor Act 2010. Liability on the part of the licensee will arise only if certain aspects of law can be proved by Larry. The claims emanating from the circumstances given will be under tort law, specifically the tort of negligence. Negligence arises when one party is injured or suffers loss due to the acts or omission of another. If the act or omission is proved, then the aggrieved party becomes compensated by the defendant. To prove negligence one has to establish the following; That a duty of care was owed to him by the defendant. A duty of care is owed to anyone who can be foreseeably injured by your actions or omissions. This element is usually not difficult to prove, and in our case particularly the licensee owed Larry a duty of care since by not taking care of the premises facilities he put him in danger of getting hurt. That the defendant was in breach of that duty; this element is the one used to ascertain fault and is the one that becomes the main area of contention with the plaintiff claiming if the defendant been more cautious then the accident would not have occurred. Larry was owed a duty of care by the licensee; the licensee did not take appropriate measure to ensure that the toilet was properly locked with a functional lock to keep unsuspecting users out of it. That the plaintiffs injury or loss was as a result of the defendant not carrying out that duty of care; from our case, the injuries sustained by Larry were as a direct consequence of the toilet wall collapsing on him. Other than negligence, the issue of occupiers liability will arise. Occupiers liability is the duty of care owed by the occupier of premises towards visitors who visit the premises and who suffer injury or loss during their stay at the premises. Section 14A of the Wrongs Act 1958 defines occupiers liability and gives the scope in which it will apply. The act further states that an occupier of any premise owes a duty to any person on his premise and in our case it becomes evident that the licensee owed Larry that duty of care. However, common law in Australia has recently taken an approach where they dispense a limited duty of care when it comes to bars and pubs. Patrons have been given greater responsibility when it comes to their safety especially if they were drinking voluntarily (Curtwoods, 2016). In Cole v South Tweed Heads Rugby Club Pty Ltd [2004] HCA 29 (Cole) the court looked at common law position relating to the liability placed on pubs and clubs for injuries to patrons which take place courtesy of their intoxication. The High Court considered an extension of occupiers' liability to include a broader duty to patrons when serving alcohol. In this case, the court held that the licensee had taken all necessary steps within its power to ensure that the plaintiff had left the premises safely. Section 50(2) of the civil liability act prevents a court of law from awarding damages to a plaintiff who was intoxicated at the time of the incident. The exception is that the court gets convinced that the injury or loss would have still occurred even if the plaintiff had not been intoxicated. In such a case then the courts presume contributory negligence where both the plaintiff and defendant were partly liable for the injury or loss (Hely, 2008). In this case, the licensee had a lock on the old toilet, but the lock was rusty and unusable meaning patrons might have been able to access it. This shows that the licensee failed in taking due care especially in an environment where people were likely to be intoxicated. He and his staff noticed that Larry was highly intoxicated but neglected the fact that the toilet at the back might have posed a danger to him. This, therefore, makes him liable and not just that, he also becomes vicariously liable for his employees. On the other hand, Larry has a responsibility towards him and cannot wholly blame his misfortune on the licensee. Therefore he will also be partly liable for the injuries he suffered. References Brenda, M., and Peter, H., (2015) "Two Problems Of Occupiers Liability." Melbourne University Law Review, 508-538. Atherton, C., and Atherton, A., (2011) Tourism, Travel and Hospitality Law, 2ndedn, Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Ltd Ch 14 pp 448- 469. Curwoods Lawyers. (2016) "Pubs, Clubs and Patrons- Overview." November 2016: 2-7. Hely, Brook. (2008) "Open all hours: The reach of Vicarious Liability in 'Off-Duty' Sexual Harassment Complaints." Federal Law Review, 174-206. The Law Reform Commission. (1987). Occupiers Liability. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 31 Novemebr. Parliament of Victoria, Research Brief No 6, September 2009, Liquor Control Reform Amendment (Licensing) Bill. Liquor Act, 2010. Wrongs Act, 1958.