Child Reading and Writing Development

Child Reading and Writing Development Learning of children in early ages Question: Consider the ways in which children learn to read and write. Illustrate, using Kenner, Al-Khatri, Kwok, Kim and Tsai’s study (2004) how young children pay attention to directionality, shape, size, spatial orientation in producing different writing scripts. Introduction It is necessary to encourage the children towards learning since childhood. Motivation towards learning and thinking is important when child is young because at that time, child grabs the thing easily. If child gets training about the importance of learning and practices writing in the early childhood, then it will be beneficial for his rest of life. It is a fact that a child changes in a lot of ways during the years of primary school. These years are so much important to develop a habit of learning and thinking in the child. Cognitive development is necessary to be developed in young children. Cognitive development includes learning skills such as languages, strong memory, planning and paying attention to the work. In these initial years, parents have to play their role. (Australia, 2012) By the help of different activities, parents can motivate the children towards learning new things. But it is also a fact that training young children is not an easy task. It is neither easy for the parents and nor for the teachers. By the help of various sessions, activities and games, we can encourage children towards learning. Child sometimes faces difficulty in learning different stuffs at a time but with the passage of time, he becomes habitual. In the book, Becoming Biliterate Kenner C. (2004) explains about child’s learning of different languages. He also discusses about different ways by which we can motivate young children to read and write. Furthermore, in the paper, we will look on different ways of teaching children in young ages and also discuss relevant techniques. Emergent literacy Term Emergent literacy defines the interaction of young children with books. This term explains that when a children is in the state of learning something and when he is not in a position of writing or reading some stuff. Marie Clay used this term for the first time. Emergent literacy is process that starts from the birth of a child and continues until and unless child trains in writing or reading in a conventional sense. This term is used in the field of psychology, linguistics, sociology and education. (Anon., 2011)Process of reading and writing starts in the young ages of an individual. A child tries to contact with different types of communication from the beginning. It is observed that most of the children starts recognizing different signs and symbols in the age of two or three years. It is because of the fact that every time, their mind is in the state of learning and interacting with different things. As far as this matter is concerned that either the child starts writing fir st or reading, it varies from child to child. But researches show that most of the children face difficulty in reading during their early ages and start writing quickly. Issues in the acquisition of literacy Acquisition of literacy for the young children is not easy. Although, child starts observing all the things by using his five senses but still some guidance is necessary. By the help of guidance and training, child learns the things easily. There are different issues that a child faces in the acquisition of literacy especially in terms of learning second language. Learning of different languages becomes a big problem for young children. In the article, Literacy and Second Language Acquisition: Issues and Perspectives, Weinstein (1984) explains that there is a strong relationship between the acquisition of second language and literacy. Author explains that understanding different languages and learning second language is difficult. (WEINSTEIN, 1984)In another article by Philip and Mikko (2003), it was explained that most of the children in European countries complete their acquisition of language before starting their early school education. English is at the top in the acquisition of languages. Children learn English easily as compared to other languages. (Philip H. K. Seymour, Mikko Aro, Jane M. Erskine, 2003)Another issue that is faced by the children in learning is their mental state. It is not always necessary that mental state of every child is same. Therefore, we cannot apply same strategies for all children. Some children do not grab these thing quickly and to develop the sense of learning in them, it is necessary to apply alternate techniques. How young children learn different writing systems There are different writing systems working in the world. It is not necessary that everyone knows all writing systems. Most of the people knows one or two writing systems usually. Talking in terms of learning different writing systems for the children, it is good to trained them in their early ages. For example, if a child is born in Europe and parents want him to become familiar with English writing system, then they have to guide him about English writing alphabets in the early ages. There are basically two types of writing systems. First type is known as alphabets and second type is called as Syllabaries. Both types are divided on various sub divisions. List of major classification is as following. Consonant alphabets Abugidas Alphabets Syllabaries Semanto-Phonetic writing systems Undeciphered writing systems (Anon., 2007) Now, the question is how young children learn different writing systems? There are different ways by which we can guide young children in learning various writing systems. First way to improve literacy is by teaching Morphemes. Morphemes is a collection of words that consists of different units of meaning. By the help of morphemes, children can easily pronounce the words and spell them. Teaching morphemes is a best way to teach vocabulary to the young children. (Nunes, T., and Bryant, P, 2006, pp. 14) Another way to teach different writing systems to the children is by using cardboard books. Parents can use different pieces of clothes, and cardboard books to teach different alphabets to the children. Colorful pictures can play an important role in attracting the young children towards learning. Writing different scripts and the design of symbols For writing a particular language, specific writing system is used. Writing system is usually known as Script. On the other hand, symbols are also used to guide children about languages. Types of scripts are as following. Script support Alphabets Right to left alphabets Syllabary Syllabic alphabet Ideographic script Depending upon your language style and script, you can teach your child about the language. If we take the example of English writing system, then it is seen that it starts from the left hand side whereas in case of Arabic, script starts from right hand side. So, it is necessary for the parents that they teach child about these basics. Suppose, you are from the Arabic background and make familiar your child with the Arabic writing system, then it is necessary for you to focus on the Arabic writing system. You should select those books and cardboards on which Arabic words are written so that your child starts recognizing these words. Following is an image that tells you about the basic Arabic writing system. Another way of guiding your child is through symbols. You can teach your child by using different symbols and pictures of something. In the early childhood, child easily understand words by the help of its illustration. Kerner (2004) focused on the illustration of symbols and pictures. (Kenner, C. Al-Khatib, H., Kwok, G., Kam, R. and Tsai, K, 2004, pp. 35), In this picture, we can see that with all the English alphabets, different pictures are used so that child cane identify the word easily. By the help of symbols and pictures, identification of words become easy. Embodied knowledge In order to teach the children to read and writing, actions also play a great role. Education in which body involves actions and knows how to act on something is called as Embodied Knowledge. The best example of this type of knowledge is riding a bicycle. Almost, everyone knows how to ride a bicycle and we do not need to memorize the procedure of riding bicycle. This is a type of knowledge that is automatically imprinted in the mind of an individual. It can be said that embodied knowledge is present in our unconsciousness. Children learn this knowledge by observing the environment. Embodied knowledge is somewhat similar to the Cognitive science. Conclusion To conclude the entire discussion, it can be said that parents can play an important role in teaching their child in early years. Young children are quite sensitive and in the early ages, their care is the duty of parents. Parents should teach their child by using techniques and activities. Before sending the child to school, a child should have a basic sense of recognizing and understanding different words and things. So, that he may not face any difficulty in future. Works Cited Anon., 2007. Types of writing system. [Online] Available at: http://www.omniglot.com/writing/types.htm [Accessed march 2014]. Anon., 2011. what is emergent literacy?. [Online] Available at: http://www.lincoln.dubuque.k12.ia.us/School-Wide/Literacy/EmergentLiteracy.htm [Accessed march 2014]. Australia, c. o., 2012. About thinking and learning. [Online] Available at: https://www.kidsmatter.edu.au/sites/default/files/public/KMP_C3_CDTL_AboutThinkingAndLearning.pdf [Accessed 2014]. Kenner, C. Al-Khatib, H., Kwok, G., Kam, R. and Tsai, K. (2004), Becoming Biliterate: Young Children Learning Different Writing Systems, Stoke-on-Trent, Trentham Books. Nunes, T., and Bryant, P. (2006), Improving Literacy by Teaching morphemes, London, Routledge. Philip H. K. Seymour, Mikko Aro, Jane M. Erskine, 2003. Foundation literacy acquisition in European orthographies. British Journal of Psychology, 94(2), p. 143–174. Seymour, P., Aro, M., and Erskine, J. (2003), Foundation Literacy Acquisition, in British Journal of Psychology, 94: 143-174. WEINSTEIN, G., 1984. Literacy and Second Language Acquisition: Issues and Perspectives. TESOL Quarterly, 18(3), p. 471–484.

The Evil Mistriss Hibbins of The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Evil Mistriss Hibbins of The Scarlet Letter Evil can be defined as, "That which is the reverse of good, physically or morally; whatever is censurable painful, disastrous, or undesirable." In the novel "The Scarlet Letter" by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Mistriss Hibbins can also be defined in those terms. She is believed to be evil by many of the characters. Henry Louis Mencken once said, "It is a sin to believe evil of others, but is seldom a mistake." In this novel he was right, Mistriss Hibbins is evil. However, she is an important character who appears more often than most people realize and her evilness has a serious impact on most of the characters. Mistriss Hibbins represents evil in the novel. She was accused of being a witch. This is a very evil thing in the eyes of the Puritans. Mistriss Hibbins can also be said to be evil simply because she is always in the forest, which is an evil place. She is said to go on "night rides" and attend witch meetings there. "And Mistriss Hibbins, with some twigs of the forest clinging to her skirts, and looking sourer than ever, as having hardly got a wink of sleep after her night ride." The people in town are scared to even be near Mistriss Hibbins. At the last scaffold scene, "The crowd gave way before her, and seemed to fear the touch of her garment, as if it carried the plague among its gorgeous folds." Here, it says that the townspeople were so scared, that they thought her evil was contagious. Mistriss Hibbins also effects the way some of the characters think in the novel. In one part of the novel, Mistriss Hibbins tells Pearl, the daughter of Hester Prynne, that Dimmesdale, who is her father, is the "Prince of Air". "They say, child, though art of the lineage of the Prince of Air!" In this quote she was telling Pearl that Dimmesdale is the devil. Pearl gets influenced by her and believes her father is the devil. In one scaffold scene, Pearl yells out, "Mistriss Hibbins says my father is the Prince of Air. If though callest me that ill-name, I shall tell him of thee, and he will chase thy ship with a tempest.

A poem which depicts a violent incident Essay

TASK: Choose a poem in which there is a dramatic or violent incident. Show how the poet conveys the incident using various poetic techniques. ‘Glasgow 5 March 1971’ by Scottish poet Edwin Morgan effectively conveys a violent incident which occurs on a busy street in Glasgow. The incident captured in this instamatic poem involves a violent attack on a young couple who are pushed through a shop window by thieving youths. The incident is shown vividly through various techniques such as imagery, word choice and structure. Through this poem, Morgan effectively criticises society and our reluctance to help others in need. One of the ways in which Morgan helps us understand the incident is through the use of imagery. The poem begins with a striking metaphor to describe the â€Å"ragged diamond of shattered plate-glass†. The broken glass is being compared to a diamond to help us picture the sharp, glinting edges of the window. This immediately shows how violent the incident is. He goes on to describe the man’s face as â€Å"bristling with fragments of glass†. This metaphor compared the numerous shards of glass on his face to a beard. This again highlights the pain and damage caused to the innocent â€Å"young man†. The serious nature of the injuries is also conveyed by the words â€Å"spurts of arterial blood† which creates the image of blood gushing out of the girl. Her â€Å"wet-look white coat† emphasises the amount of blood and the contrast of red blood on white which creates a strong visual image. The poem then moves on to describe the attackers using effective word choice to convey the lack of compassion shown to the victims. The incident is described as the â€Å"operation† which suggests that this is a purely business-like transaction for these people. There is no emotion. The word â€Å"loot† suggests that the youths’ only care is to grab as many valuables as possible and do it â€Å"smartly†. This highlights the impersonal, business-like manner again, showing a lack of humanity. Again this is done with â€Å"no expression† which shows no concern or care for the couple whose faces show â€Å"surprise† and â€Å"shock†. The word choice used here effectively shows the selfishness of the youths whose only care is to steal with no concern for who gets hurt in this violent incident. . Morgan achieves this by using the present tense, â€Å"a young man and his girl are falling†, â€Å"their arms are starfished†. This creates the effect of seeing the event as a picture rather than an ongoing event. The writer emphasises this with the words â€Å"sharp clear night† which relates to a camera image again. This helps the reader stand back and look at the event objectively without be involved. Morgan is trying to make the point that this is what we do in society when we see violence occurring – stand back and not get involved. This theme of society’s reluctance to help others is shown through the deliberate reference â€Å"in Sauchiehall Street†. This makes it clear that this violent incident took place on a busy street in Glasgow where lots of people would be. He goes on to refer to drivers â€Å"in the background† which again highlights the fact that people do not come forward to help the victims; they â€Å"keep their eyes on the road†. This final line effectively conveys Morgan’s attitude that people turn a blind eye to violence, most likely from fear or lack of compassion. Through presenting this ‘snapshot’ of the incident in â€Å"sharp clear† detail, it makes the reader think about what we would have done in this situation and why people failed to act. In conclusion this poem effectively conveys a violent incident on a busy Glasgow street. Edwin Morgan successfully highlights the lack of concern in our society for others. He achieved this through his instamatic technique, vivid imagery and effective word choice. These techniques helped me visualise the incident well and understand the writer’s message. The poem really made me think about how we treat one another in society as this incident is set in Glasgow in a busy street. It made me wonder if this would actually happen and if people would help or turn a blind eye.

Adult Boundaries in ‘the Passion’ and ‘the God of Small Things’.

Winterson and Roy refuse to ‘accept what we think of as adult boundaries'. How is this reflected in ‘The Passion' and ‘The God of Small Things'? In every civilisation, there are boundaries which are set by the adults to run our lives. They are the unspoken laws which were created by higher authorities and not supposed to be questioned. Adult boundaries present the strength of the society. Yet those boundaries suppress the individuals’ freedom. Most importantly it deters the lives of the weakest people in the society.Both Jeanette Winterson and Arundhati Roy have strong opinions on these adult boundaries. Arundhati Roy was born in 1961 in the North-eastern Indian region of Bengal, to a Christian mother and Hindu father in India’s caste system. She spent her childhood in Ayemenem in Kerala. Roy is widely known for political activism. Winterson was born in Manchester. She was adopted and raised in Elim Pentecostal Church. Her parents wanted her to be miss ionary. Winterson identified herself as a lesbian and left home at 16 as her parents would not accept her as a lesbian.Brought up as a Pentecostal Christian, â€Å"Jeanette never truly abandons her faith; her faith abandons her because of clear disagreements over her sexual identity†( Michael Dick on ‘Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit’). Here, Winterson’s faith could be her parents. Perhaps she had faith in them that they would accept her. Therefore she doesn’t abandon them but they abandon her. One might suggest that this is a false statement because Winterson’s rebellious personality may have pushed her to abandon her faith.Although both writers are attacking the adult boundaries to break them down, they know this would usually end in tragedy as adult boundaries restore orders. Both writers use their characters to define and then challenge the society’s rules. The formation of and belonging to categories are adult boundaries. For exampl e Estha and Rahel were not aware that they belonged to a categorised system as they ran off to Velutha to freely play with him therefore meaning that categories form as you grow into it. The characters are faced with loss of freedom as they have no choice as to â€Å"who should be loved.And how. And how much†. Estha and Rahel are limited in showing their love towards Velutha and Ammu breaks the boundaries by loving an Untouchable. Velutha. Similarly, Villanelle differentiates between genders which are two completely different categories. She dresses as a male by wearing a ‘codpiece’ and covering her face with ‘white powder’. Every layer of powder blurs the ability to differentiate her between genders. Winterson says, â€Å"heterosexuality and homosexuality are a kind of psychosis, and the truth is somewhere in the middle†( http://www. brainyquote. om/quotes/keywords/homosexuality. html). However, this is biased as Winterson is someone who chal lenges the barriers set for her. The idea of sexuality categories is bound to cultural and historical factors. For some, The word ‘heterosexuality’ is redundant because male and female genders naturally complete each other. Winterson does not want there to be specific categories separating sexual preferences which she has to belong to. Therefore, as she fearlessly breaks between boundaries they become blurred as the readers cannot decide where she belongs.Henri is also present in a so-called them and us category as he justifies the killing of British soldiers by calling them, ‘the enemy’ rather than recognising their humanity and the responsibility associated with taking human life. Under Napoleon’s personal governance, Henri insidiously expresses his feminine side. He feels sympathetic to the abused prostitutes and feels fear by the inhumanness of the war. Henri is actually a weak, even feminine soldier, who has a passion for Napoleon which implies that he is also sexually attracted to him.After losing an eye at Austerlitz, Henri questions himself if he should run away from the war. Henri then says, â€Å"to survive the zero winter(†¦ ) we made a pyre of our hearts and put them aside for ever. There’s no pawnshop for the heart†. His decision to abandon is certain. Henri starts to hate napoleon and himself for loving him. Henri is tackling boundaries as he isn’t conforming to orders and love laws. Napoleon lacks the passion Henri is in search of. The words ‘Untouchable’ and ‘Touchable’ are a formation of adult boundaries as it assesses who is allowed to interact with whom.Ammu imagines touching Velutha’s muscular body which she is not allowed; this shows that passion can take over the boundaries. Villanelle admits that â€Å"Somewhere between fear and sex passion is†. This is true because your passion can lead you into dangers which you would usually fear yet it satisfies you at the same time. For instance, France’s unjustified love for Bonaparte, who has exploited them, sent their sons to death and ‘bled them dry’. ‘Love Laws’, the boundaries imposed by traditional caste societies, are torn down in both novels as Winterson and Roy refuse to accept the classic ‘fairy-tale’ model of love.As the audience found Estha’s joyful singing irritating, they sent him out where he lost his voice forever. Estha losing his voice was like losing his virginity. His innocence is stolen by this man. While Rahel senses that this man cannot be trusted, she tells Ammu, â€Å"So why don't you marry him then? † only to be told that now Ammu loves her a little less. Consequently Rahel is inconsolable and unable to forget Ammu's words. This is certainly contravening because while Estha is more loved Rahel is being less loved. Roy may be doing this to show that Love laws can sometimes be unfair and that no one has control.More importantly, the peculiar sexual intimacy between Estha and Rahel completely destroys boundaries. Loredo believes the cause for incest is â€Å"the desire for affiliation and affection; a combating of loneliness, depression, and a sense of isolation; and a discharging of anxiety and tension due to stress†( www. pamramsey. com/incest. htm). Although the twins having a high intimacy, Roy most probably wanted to show innocence as they had known each other before life began, – two separate individuals who share a single womb for nine months.Estha saw his mum in Rahel and it was as if Estha had returned to her after he was sent away. I do not believe â€Å"the taboo breaking coupling of the twins†( Aijaz Ahmad reading Arundhati Roy politically) should be seen acceptable as this will scar them forever when they realise their guilt. Similarly, in ‘The Passion’ the so called holy priest â€Å"had been forced out of the church for squin ting at young girls from the bell tower†. A priest is supposed to be a person who gives direction and sin-free. However the priest is not innocent anymore.Both authors refuse adult boundaries in order for everyone to be equal and free. However if there were no rules and orders the joy and satisfaction of breaking them would not exist. Ammu wouldn’t feel the pleasure where she secretly seeks for Velutha. Estha and Rahel wouldn’t be able to enjoy running off to Velutha. Villanelle wouldn’t feel pleasure of confusing men with her codpiece and powdered face. At the end of the day, â€Å"The one who breaks the silence is never forgiven. †( Jeanette Winterson- ‘Why Be Happy When You could Be Normal’)Control encourages adult boundaries to form. In ‘The God of Small Things’, the history house seems to be very powerful. â€Å"To understand history,† Chacko says, â€Å"we have to go inside and listen to what they’re sa ying. † The twins acknowledge that the river acts as a barrier to them, preventing them from getting the cruel truths, putting the pieces of the puzzle together. Chacko also told them that â€Å"the whole contemporary history, (†¦)- was no more than a blink of the Earth Woman's eye†, compared to whom they were inconsequential.This story is actually really important in shaping the twins’ later life. They openly are being told that they’re insignificant. They are just a small part of a great picture that will have little lasting effect. Correspondingly, as Anne Clarke mentions, â€Å"Chacko, (†¦) explains to Rahel and Estha that they are a family of anglophiles(†¦). From Chacko’s disillusioned perspective, cultural hybridity is seen as emphatically negative as it alienates the subject from both cultures†: â€Å"we belong nowhere. We sail unanchored on troubled seas.We may never be allowed ashore†. ( Anna Clarke, ‘lan guage, hybridity and dialogism in ‘The God of Small Thing’) This will instantly create boundaries for them as they will know they have no freedom and are controlled by larger external powers. Both authors dislike the human enthusiasm with wealth but they do not reject adult boundaries, they debate adult passion to treat rich with great regard. Roy tells her reader that wealth alone does not determine the moral integrity of a person, as Pappachi’s treatment of his wife and his children demonstrates this. They were beaten, humiliated and then made to suffer (†¦) for having such a wonderful husband and father. † It is visible that she is being controlled because Chacko starts to take control of the pickle factory just as it was doing well. Pappachi beats Mammachi because he feels that women should not have so much control, – he is afraid that it’s shaming his manhood. Concurrently, Villanelle is living a life Winterson wanted to live herself ; – she allows her character to live freely. In reality women in the 17th and 18th century would not be as free as Villanelle.For instance â€Å"Women who spoke out against the patriarchal system of gender roles, or any injustice, ran the risk of being exiled from their communities. †( http://www. enotes. com/feminism-criticism/women-16th-17th-18th-centuries) Georgette is another example of the women at the time although she was not â€Å"tried for heresy in 1545 and eventually burned at a stake†( http://www. enotes. com/feminism-criticism/women-16th-17th-18th-centuries) like Anne Askew, an outspoken English protestant. â€Å"Georgette actively opposed to the established system of patriarchy†. ( http://www. enotes. om/feminism-criticism/women-16th-17th-18th-centuries) One might suggest that Georgette is a ‘positive heroine’. Unlike a fairy-tale character, she does not deny her father’s authority but rejects being manipulated as a produ ct. Winterson is blatantly frustrated as she questions, â€Å"Why should a woman be limited by anything or anybody? Why should a women not be ambitious for literature? Ambitious for herself? †. ( Jeanette Winterson- ‘Why Be Happy When You could Be Normal’) However, this is easy to say for Winterson because the consequences of rebelling may outweigh the benefit of freedom.Therefore with Villanelle, Winterson creates a role model for women to follow. ‘The Passion’ and ‘The God of Small Things’ uses language to escape the reality of the adult boundaries. The twins Rahel and Estha want to move away from reality because 2what you end up remembering isn’t always the same as what you have witnessed†( Julian Barnes-The Sense of an Ending) which is why they often seek refuge in the fiction world. â€Å"Like the actor-dancers [of Kathakali†¦] the twins feel as if they were living in two worlds at the same time†. Joelle Cel erier-Vitasse – The Blurring of Frontiers in Arundhati Roy’s ‘The God of Small Things’) After witnessing the action of the Touchable police towards Velutha, Rahel does not accept his death. There are many similar cases in history as Edward Luce says, â€Å"In much of rural India caste discrimination is as rampant as ever and hundreds die every year from caste violence, some at the hands of police†. ( In spite of the gods by Edward Luce (pg. 125)) When they see that â€Å"blood spilled from his skull like a secret. Rahel refuse to believe that it is his body whereas Estha refuses to see it a fiction anymore. Perhaps the reality is too hard for Rahel, as Velutha is a father figure to them. Both writers’ characters deny the unpleasant realities like a child. In ‘The Passion’, Henri justifies his killing by calling them the ‘enemies’ instead of giving them any human qualities, – he does not come to term with his action. Similarly, when Comrade Pillai wants the workers to stand against Chacko, he talks about him as ‘The management’. By doing this he is taking away his human side so the workers will not feel any guilt.Winterson seems particularly discontented by the boundaries enforced by the physical world, and utilizes the freedom offered by the creation of her own reality. Villanelle’s tendency towards theatrical cross-dressing dims the boundaries of reality; her excessive make-up, â€Å"I made up my lips with vermilion and overlaid my face with white powderâ€Å", conveys a fantastical image of a person from real one. The arrival of Sophie Mol in the Ayemenem household, whilst is theatrical, with the veranda becoming the set for the performance gave it the dignity of a stage and everything that happened there took on the aura and significance of performance.Whilst Winterson aims to â€Å"sharpen and multiply the possibilities of the actual world†( http://nccur . lib. nccu. edu. tw/bitstream/140. 119/33324/6/55101206. pdf) and create a better reality, Roy’s use of the comparison to theatrics is scornful. Roy mocks the rehearsed pleasantries that convention dictates and the characters go with it. Roy believes that they are another sign of society’s suppression of genuine human interaction. Overall, both authors clearly feel let down by the oppressive nature of many of the adult boundaries which are customary in the society.They also seem to resent the reverence many show for history, particularly when elements of history – war, oppression, and suffering – are so brutal. Both authors revel in the creation of their own realities as metaphorical escapes from the physical world and, in this, they once again come to resemble their characters: seeking refuge in their own fabricated stories. Bibliography 1. Roy, Arundhati. The God of Small Things. IndiaInk, India. 1997. 2. Winterson, Jeanette. The Passion. Grove Press. August 7, 1997. 3. Luce, Edward. In Spite of the Gods: The Rise of Modern India. Anchor.March 11, 2008. 4. 4. Clarke, Anne. language, hybridity and dialogism in ‘The God of Small Thing’. Routledge. 2007. 5. Winterson, Jeanette. Why Be Happy When You could Be Normal. Grove Press. March 6, 2012. 6. Barnes, Julian. The Sense of an Ending, THE NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW. USA. October 5, 2011. 7. Dick, Michael. ‘Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit’. Ryerson University. November 25, 2005. 8. Roy, Winterson. Homosexuality Quotes. Brainy Quote. 2001 – 2012 BrainyQuote. BookRags Media Network. http://www. brainyquote. com/quotes/keywords/homosexuality. html. 9. Ramsey, Pam.Psychological Effects of Incest on Girls Focusing on Sibling Incest. Pamramsey. 1994. http://www. pamramsey. com/incest. htm 10. Cengage, Gale. Feminism in Literature. eNotes. 2005. http://www. enotes. com/feminism-criticism/women-16th-17th-18th-centuries 11. Book by Onega, Susana . Refracting t he Canon in Contemporary British Literature and Film. 1994. Quote by Winterson, Jeanette. 1996. 12. Ahmad, Aijaz. Reading Arundhati Roy politically. Frontline. 8 August, 1997 13. Celerier-Vitasse, Joelle. The Blurring of Frontiers in Arundhati Roy’s ‘The God of Small Things’. France. 2008.

The Diversity Delusion by Heather MacDonald Professor Ramos Blog

The Diversity Delusion by Heather MacDonald https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oE-_weLRLK4t=1279s Heather MacDonald is speaking at Hillsdale College in Michigan and begins by saying she has had minorities at many colleges storm the stage during her speech, walkout and even block the entrance of where she was scheduled to speak. Her theory is the â€Å"ideology of victimhood† among minorities in the United States is outrageous and rampant. She speaks of the â€Å"victims of oppression† acting out and stating they â€Å"fear for their lives† exaggerating the struggle among minorities of a broad spectrum. There is an expanding number of classifications that is creating a hysteria and saturation of self-pity. She feels that the colleges are suffering due to changing laws and policies on accepting and recruiting students because they are restricted to keeping the campus diverse instead of basing acceptance on qualifications. The administration in these colleges condone and even encourage this behavior with awards and thanking the demonstrators for standing up to t he â€Å"society norm.† They have created bias response teams to address issues that may arise on campus. Reading material is being questioned based on the authors race or gender not the material it discusses. Music composer schedules are being targeted ensuring there is a diverse gender hired to perform. She states all the famous composers such as Bach, Mozart and Beethoven were all white males, â€Å"get over it.† Every facet of our society is now in the â€Å"victimologist crosshairs† because of this mentality and it needs to be â€Å"nipped in the butt.†Ã‚   Newsrooms, authors and Hollywood are under a scope and have to diversify even with unqualified candidates to ensure they won’t be called racist. This â€Å"narcissistic delusion† is going to prevent the success of our future because we are giving in to this movement that is unhealthy for talented minorities that may not get a job because of their identity. This so called â€Å"delus ion† on the social outcry and overdramatization of the fact that minorities have taken it too far. This affects many facets of the world including media, workplace, colleges, and music. Minorities have the upper hand and exploit their struggles resulting in the exclusion of majority groups from even being considered. The fallout from such displays of ridiculousness sheds light on a problem that isn’t as big as they make it seem. Do you agree with all or part of her theory? Does her theory incite hate toward minority groups?

Language and Sources of Mini Arguments Assignment

Language and Sources of Mini Arguments - Assignment Example Examples of the use of questions marks within the mini arguments are; mini-argument #2, which has begun its argument with the question â€Å"Why do certain people think lying is ok?† and also used â€Å"So what is the whole point behind lying?†. Susie, in her mini-argument #4, on the other hand, uses, â€Å"Want to know why people love playing the lottery?† and. â€Å"This candid reality of things necessitates some questions to be asked, is it in actuality that hard to be successful? How does one end up on the road to success?† Mini argument #1 made use of â€Å"What else is the government keeping from us?† and â€Å"I have the right to choose whether I want to read a paper if it does not bother you to read a newspaper and can afford it go for it by all means. The use of such question marks within the argument forces the reader to get involved and absorbed into the argument and to have his or her own opinion before delving deeper into the writerâ⠂¬â„¢s opinions.  Moreover, the arguments have gone ahead and listed these internet sources as references so as to give the source credit for providing the information. Mini argument #4 has exclusively made use of books as source materials, additionally, it has even gone ahead and used a line from John Lenon's song, ‘imagine’ this depicts creativity and the use of a song appeals to a wider audience. All the four mini arguments have carefully chosen their language of use as well as the structure of the essay in terms of paragraphs. The careful selection of particular word choice helps mainly for effect and to connect the reader with the writer. Most of the mini arguments have used simple language, which is easily understandable, as well as a language, which is conversational, it can be referred to as somehow colloquial. The use of such words helps also in passing the argument to the writer. For example, Susie in mini argument #4 writes, â€Å"Anyone can be a success, any Tom, Dick, and Harry has the potential to become prosperous and successful.† and â€Å"Some people have it on a silver platter and some have it rough† On the other hand, mini argument #2 uses the statement, â€Å"Let’s just all be honest with one another.   It makes life so much easier!† This careful choice of words, especially conversational words is effective in passing the message across more effectively.

Civilization depends on the repression of instincts. How would Kant Essay

Civilization depends on the repression of instincts. How would Kant and Nietzsche respond to this statement - Essay Example The first ideal denotes the Kantian epitome of a republican civilization, while the other culture is categorized by Nietzsche’s Dionysian concept of confusion. The main variation amid these two kinds of cultures stems from the role of the individual in their organizations, which opens the way for the debate on ethical philosophy and its connection with consideration of the normal world (Owen) (Bennett) (sapere-aude). It is evident that Civilization comes as a result of human interaction with nature, administering it to work to his advantage. This stages the fact that humans are in constant trial to look for ways to ease our mandatory tasks in the environment. The process however involves gradual change of simple systems in place, to a more societal complex system. With a complex system in place, more ideas emerge to even simplify the complexity and thereby additional developments come in handy. This illustrates that civilization is a continuous process. This paper talks on the sway of the moral philosophies discipline of Kant and Nietzsche, which is inspired by their dogmatic thoughts. The discussion is divided into two chapters to deal with the subject. The first section examines the concept of knowledge centered on classical understanding of the disciplines and metaphysics. This explains that the classical origin of natural sciences in addition to metaphysical inferences regarding the nature of authenticity, which shapes Kant’s work (Nietzsche 90). Section two replicates Nietzsche’s probe concerning the significance of morality grounded in metaphysics and conventional science. This study opposes that Nietzsche’s designs, in relation to the fact that civilization is subject to the domination of instincts, are symptomatic of his reflections through representational world-view which he replicates in an imaginative expression. Kant was popular for his proclivity to reason and possession of a logical command. This explains the fusion of natural and